Can I claim compensation from an employer I haven’t worked for in 15 years if I have only just been diagnosed and had surgery?

[Ross]

I was working as a mechanic for many years and stopped about 15 years ago and I have suffered with my hands for years since.
About 2 years ago I was diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome and I have had release surgery on one side and going in for the second procedure soon, could I still claim compensation?